Q: What is Enteric fever?
Answer: Enteric fever means typhoid and paratyphoid fever. It is s systemic illness manifested by fever and other sign symptoms produced by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi (type A and type B). It is most common water and food born disease and the pathogenic agent entered into body by faeco-oral route. Total incubation period is 10-14 days.
Q: Why it is so called?
Answer: As the main lesion occurs in the intestinal peyer's patches so it is called entric fever.
Q: What is the name or cause of enteric fever?
Answer: Two pathogenic micro organisms are responsible for causing disease.
1. Salmonella typhi
2. Salmonella paratyphi (type A and B)
Q: give the pathogenesis of enteric fever.
Answer:
1. Through faeco-oral tranmission it enters onto the stomach.
2. From stomach it enters into small intestine (duodenum)
3. After penetrating the intestinal epithelial lining it enters into Mesenteric lymph nodes
4. Via thoracic duct it enters into blood stream.
5. Primary bacteraemia occurs and mononuclear phagocytic system removes the bacteria from blood
6. Then bacteria deposit in several organs like liver, kidney, spleen, gall bladder including intestine
7. Then bacteria multiply in the peyer's patches of intestine and involves lymphatic follicle.
8. Ultimately give rise to enteric ulcer.
Q: Give brief description on diagnosis of entric fever.
Answer: Ultimate diagnosis depends upon blood culture and detection of antibodies against salmonella antigen in serum
For 1st week we do blood culture. To do so we need to collect specimen that means blood from the person. Usually 5cc blood is collected and two samples should collect. 2 samples are mandatory while 3 samples would be best. Blood should collect from 2 different sites and minimum time interval should be not less than 30 minutes. In case of culture we use tryptica soya broth media. It is more specific.
For second week we have to do WIDAL test. It is agglutination reaction to detect antibodies against salmonella antigen in serum.
For 3rd week, we need to do urine examination. Salmonella shigella media or DCA (deoxy cholate citrate agar) media is required to do the test.
For 4th week we need to do stool examination. Salmonella shigella media or DCA (deoxy cholate citrate agar) media is required to do the test.
Q: Drug of choice for enteric fever?
Answer: If it is treated the disease is not fatal but death occurs in 10 to 15% cases if untreated. Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefixim, chloramphenicol etc are drug of choice.
Q: How could we prevent the disease?
Answer: It is a water and food borne disease. It is not effective in animals so transmission occurs only from human to human and mainly by the faeces or stool of infective persons. Proper health hygiene, well made fresh food can prevent the disease widely. Now-a-days new vaccines are available to prevent the disease.
Q: Why it is so called?
Answer: As the main lesion occurs in the intestinal peyer's patches so it is called entric fever.
Q: What is the name or cause of enteric fever?
Answer: Two pathogenic micro organisms are responsible for causing disease.
1. Salmonella typhi
2. Salmonella paratyphi (type A and B)
Q: give the pathogenesis of enteric fever.
Answer:
1. Through faeco-oral tranmission it enters onto the stomach.
2. From stomach it enters into small intestine (duodenum)
3. After penetrating the intestinal epithelial lining it enters into Mesenteric lymph nodes
4. Via thoracic duct it enters into blood stream.
5. Primary bacteraemia occurs and mononuclear phagocytic system removes the bacteria from blood
6. Then bacteria deposit in several organs like liver, kidney, spleen, gall bladder including intestine
7. Then bacteria multiply in the peyer's patches of intestine and involves lymphatic follicle.
8. Ultimately give rise to enteric ulcer.
Q: Give brief description on diagnosis of entric fever.
Answer: Ultimate diagnosis depends upon blood culture and detection of antibodies against salmonella antigen in serum
For 1st week we do blood culture. To do so we need to collect specimen that means blood from the person. Usually 5cc blood is collected and two samples should collect. 2 samples are mandatory while 3 samples would be best. Blood should collect from 2 different sites and minimum time interval should be not less than 30 minutes. In case of culture we use tryptica soya broth media. It is more specific.
For second week we have to do WIDAL test. It is agglutination reaction to detect antibodies against salmonella antigen in serum.
For 3rd week, we need to do urine examination. Salmonella shigella media or DCA (deoxy cholate citrate agar) media is required to do the test.
For 4th week we need to do stool examination. Salmonella shigella media or DCA (deoxy cholate citrate agar) media is required to do the test.
Q: Drug of choice for enteric fever?
Answer: If it is treated the disease is not fatal but death occurs in 10 to 15% cases if untreated. Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefixim, chloramphenicol etc are drug of choice.
Q: How could we prevent the disease?
Answer: It is a water and food borne disease. It is not effective in animals so transmission occurs only from human to human and mainly by the faeces or stool of infective persons. Proper health hygiene, well made fresh food can prevent the disease widely. Now-a-days new vaccines are available to prevent the disease.
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